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Guide to the Iraq War

A Contested Front in the Bush War against Terrorism

From , former About.com Guide

Operation Iraqi Freedom is the name given by the U.S. military to the March 20, 2003 invasion of Iraq and and subsequent military activities there. The relatively quick toppling of the Saddam Hussein government was followed by the equally quick rise of a loosely organized resistance to the U.S. occupation, made up of fighters with different motives, from the restoration of Hussein's regime to the end of the U.S. occupation to religiously motivated 'jihad.' There is now an independent Iraqi government, and an agreement in place to remove a substantial number of US troops from the country.

Iraq War and the War on Terror

President Bush maintained throughout both terms of his presidency that the war in Iraq was a front line in a war against global terrorism. This view was reflected yearly in special and inaugural addresses, and caused considerable debate in the United States and elsewhere. It is now conclusively established that there were no organic links between Iraq and Al Qaeda in 2003, nor were weapons of mass destruction ever found.

U.S. Troops

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The overconfident and unplanned approach to the war led to a more protracted and violent effort than many Americans had been led to expect. By 2005, the growth of an Iraqi resistance, sectarian violence verging on civil war, and an influx of foreign fighters motivated to fight on religious grounds led to questions about how many U.S. troops would be required to quell the emergent chaos. At the same time, it was clear that the presence of a U.S. occupation was itself the reason for much of the rising violence. Both the 2006 Congressional election and the 2008 presidential election turned in large part on issues related to U.S. troops in Iraq.

Iraqi and Foreign Combatants

Terrorist Attack in IraqVOA News

At the height of the fighting in Iraq, there were multiple militaries, actors and groups acting Iraq, whose alliances shifted more than once. Most dramatically, Sunni resistance fighters joined with the U.S. to battle jihadists in 2007. Many observers believe this was a turning point for the better in Iraq.

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